Theoretical and experimental studies of a new aniline derivative corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium

4-Chloro-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline (CPYA) was synthesized by a simple and inexpensive method and tested as a corrosion inhibitor in acid medium for mild steel by using gravimetric studies and electrochemical measurements. An average maximum efficiency of 96.0% was achieved at 4.59 mmol/L. Corrosion kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also analyzed. Surface analyses (atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) show that protection is enabled by adsorption on the metal, forming a film. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to access information regarding the molecular structure in the corrosive medium and to support interpretation of the results obtained by experimental methods.     

Removal and repair techniques for thermal barrier coatings: a review

ABSTRACT

A comprehensive literature review of the existing techniques for removing and repairing of damaged thermal barrier coatings is presented, with the focus on top ceramic coats. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are compared and assessed. The review shows that there is not a universal method applicable to all coating systems. The selection of the coating removal and repair process must be specific to damaged coating systems, based on their composition, type of damages, and available resources. This review will provide some inside look at various approaches in an effort to meet the different coating repair needs.     

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum mixed starter cultures: Influence of microbial/physical interactions on wine characteristics

The growing trend in the wine industry is the revaluation of the role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, promoting the use of these yeasts in association with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts contribute to improve wine complexity and organoleptic composition. However, the use of mixed starters needs to better understand the effect of the interaction between these species during alcoholic fermentation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of mixed starter cultures, composed by combination of different S. cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum strains, on wine characteristics and to investigate the role of cell-to-cell contact on the metabolites produced during alcoholic fermentation. In the first step, three H. uvarum and two S. cerevisiae strains, previously selected, were tested during mixed fermentations in natural red grape must in order to evaluate yeast population dynamics during inoculated fermentation and influence of mixed starter cultures on wine quality. One selected mixed starter was tested in a double-compartment fermentor in order to compare mixed inoculations of S. cerevisiae/H. uvarum with and without physical separation. Our results revealed that physical contact between S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum affected the viability of H. uvarum strain, influencing also the metabolic behaviour of the strains. Although different researches are available on the role of cell-to-cell contact-mediated interactions on cell viability of the strains included in the mixed starter, to our knowledge, very few studies have evaluated the influence of cell-to-cell contact on the chemical characteristics of wine.     

Assessment of chemical and microbiological parameters of indoor swimming pool atmosphere using multiple comparisons

The aim of this study was to evaluate the air quality of an indoor swimming pool, analyzing diurnal and seasonal variations in microbiological counts and chemical parameters. The results indicated that yeast and bacteria counts, as well as carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and O₃ concentrations, showed significant diurnal difference. On the other hand, temperature, relative humidity (R.H.), yeast counts and concentrations of CO₂, particles, O₃, toluene, and benzene showed seasonal differences. In addition, the relationship between indoor and outdoor air and the degree of correlation between the different parameters have been calculated, suggesting that CO₂, fine particles and NO_x would have indoor origin due to the human activity and secondary reactions favored by the chemical and environmental conditions of the swimming pool; while O₃, benzene and toluene, would come from outside, mainly. The overall results indicated that indoor air quality (IAQ) in the swimming pool building was deficient by the high levels of CO₂ and microorganisms, low temperatures, and high R.H., because frequently the limits established by the legislation were exceeded. This fact could be due to the poor ventilation and the inadequate operation of heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning systems.     

Perfluorocarbons in Chemical Biology

Perfluorocarbons, saturated carbon chains in which all the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine, form a separate phase from both organic and aqueous solutions. Though perfluorinated compounds are not found in living systems, they can be used to modify biomolecules to confer orthogonal behavior within natural systems, such as improved stability, engineered assembly, and cell-permeability. Perfluorinated groups also provide handles for purification, mass spectrometry, and ¹⁹F NMR studies in complex environments. Herein, we describe how the unique properties of perfluorocarbons have been employed to understand and manipulate biological systems.     

Formaldehyde as a Chemical Defence Agent of Fruiting Bodies of Mycena rosea and its Role in the Generation of the Alkaloid Mycenarubin C

Mycenarubin C, a previously unknown red pyrroloquinoline alkaloid, was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Mycena rosea and its structure was elucidated mainly by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Unlike mycenarubin A, the major pyrroloquinoline alkaloid in fruiting bodies of M. rosea, mycenarubin C, contains an eight-membered ring with an additional C₁ unit that is hitherto unprecedented for pyrroloquinoline alkaloids known in nature. Incubation of mycenarubin A with an excess of formaldehyde revealed that mycenarubin C was generated nearly quantitatively from mycenarubin A. An investigation into the formaldehyde content of fresh fruiting bodies of M. rosea showed the presence of considerable amounts of formaldehyde, with values of 5 μg per gram of fresh weight in fresh fruiting bodies. Although mycenarubin C did not show bioactivity against selected bacteria and fungi, formaldehyde inhibits the growth of the mycoparasite Spinellus fusiger at concentrations present in fruiting bodies of M. rosea. Therefore, formaldehyde might play an ecological role in the chemical defence of M. rosea against S. fusiger. In turn, S. fusiger produces gallic acid—presumably to detoxify formaldehyde by reaction of this aldehyde with amino acids and gallic acid to Mannich adducts.     

Chemical Proteomics for Expanding the Druggability of Human Disease

Abstract . Over the past decade, chemical proteomics has emerged as a powerful technique to understand small molecule and protein function in the physiological system and plays a key role in unravelling the cellular targets of pharmacological modulators. Chemical proteomics that integrates activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) with mass spectrometry has been introduced to evaluate small-molecule and protein interaction and expand the druggable proteome. A much larger fraction of the human proteome can now be targeted by small molecules than estimated by past predictions of protein druggability.     

柠条的纤维特性及其双螺杆CMP制浆性能研究

以柠条为原料，分析了其化学组分和纤维形态，并探讨了柠条双螺杆CMP法的制浆工艺以及浆料的纤维形态和成纸的物理性能。研究结果表明：与针、阔叶木相比，柠条原料中纤维素和综纤维素质量分数较低，苯醇抽出物和热水抽出物质量分数较高，柠条纤维长度总体偏短，木质部和皮部的纤维质量平均长度分别为0.621和0.819 mm，还存在部分杂细胞。采用3.5% Na₂SO₃和1.5% NaOH常温预浸12 h、90℃汽蒸1 h后再用双螺杆挤浆机在质量分数35%下进行搓丝，并结合高浓盘磨机磨浆，所得CMP浆得率可达73%。柠条CMP浆基本保持了纤维原有的长度，质量平均长度达0.650 mm，长宽比为32.7，纤维解离较好，但分丝帚化情况不理想，含有部分纤维束和杂细胞。当加拿大游离度为300 mL时，柠条CMP浆成纸的环压强度指数和松厚度较高，分别为8.67（N·m）/g和2.56 cm³/g，抗张指数为19.6（N·m）/g，本色浆白度较高，达50%（ISO）。柠条CMP浆适合配抄瓦楞原纸等包装用纸，漂白后可配抄新闻纸和白板纸。     

化学沉淀-吸附法处理电镀废水的研究

采用化学沉淀-吸附法处理电镀废水。首先,采用沉淀剂MgSO4・7H2O和NazHPCX・12H2O对电镀废水进行化学沉淀处理。在优化条件下,氨氮的质量浓度由1600 mg/L降低至80 mg/L以下,磷的质量浓度为75.82 mg/Lo然后,采用吸附法对电镀废水做进一步处理。最终电镀废水中氨氮和磷的残余质量浓度均达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 219002008)中规定的要求。     

煤化工烟道气毒性成分对Chlorella pyrenoidosa生长和细胞成分的影响

探究煤化工烟道气中毒性成分对微藻的影响是利用微藻固定煤化工烟道气CO₂实现减排的关键。本文利用不同浓度的NaHS、Na₂SO₃和NH₃·H₂O培养Chlorella pyrenoidosa（C. pyrenoidosa），以探究煤化工烟道气主要毒性成分H₂S、SO₂和NH₃气体水溶物的毒性。实验结果表明：NaHS、Na₂SO₃和NH₃·H₂O浓度分别低于1mmol/(L·d)、40mmol/(L·d)和7mmol/(L·d)时对C. pyrenoidosa生长无抑制作用，而且Na₂SO₃[＜40mmol/(L·d)]会显著促进 C. pyrenoidosa的生长；NaHS 添加4mmol/(L·d)时会在生长初期抑制C. pyrenoidosa的生长，NH₃·H₂O添加35mmol/(L·d)则会直接造成藻细胞的破碎死亡。与对照组相比，NaHS和Na₂SO₃浓度分别低于1mmol/(L·d)、10mmol/(L·d)时对C. pyrenoidosa的细胞成分无影响；NaHS添加4mmol/(L·d)使藻蛋白含量提高7.13%；Na₂SO₃添加40mmol/(L·d)使藻蛋白降低13.45%，总糖含量提高42.90%；NH₃·H₂O的添加会使藻蛋白含量降低，总糖含量提高。微藻生物质整体蛋白质含量较高，可作为蛋白饲料来源。研究结果表明，C. pyrenoidosa对煤化工烟道气中的主要毒性气体有较好的耐受性，利用煤化工烟道气培养微藻具有可行性。